Teeth whitening has become a popular cosmetic procedure for those seeking a brighter, whiter smile. While many individuals achieve excellent results with minimal discomfort, others experience increased tooth sensitivity following their whitening treatments. This sensitivity can range from mild to severe and may deter some individuals from pursuing further whitening procedures. In this article, we will delve into the reasons behind teeth sensitivity caused by whitening, explore the mechanisms involved, and discuss ways to manage and mitigate this common side effect.
Types of Whitening Treatments
Before we address the sensitivity issue, it’s important to understand how teeth whitening works. There are primarily two types of whitening treatments: in-office professional treatments and at-home whitening products. Both methods utilize whitening agents, such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide, to lighten the color of the teeth.
In-office Whitening: This method is performed by dental professionals and involves the application of a high-concentration whitening gel to the teeth. A special light or laser may be used to activate the whitening agents and enhance their effectiveness. This process typically yields quick and dramatic results.
At-home Whitening: At-home whitening kits, including trays, strips, and gels, contain lower concentrations of whitening agents compared to in-office treatments. These products require regular use over a period of days or weeks to achieve noticeable results.
Regardless of the method, the primary goal is to break down the stains and discolorations on the tooth enamel, leading to a whiter appearance.
Why Does Teeth Whitening Cause Sensitivity?
The exact reason behind teeth whitening-induced sensitivity is not fully understood. However, the most widely accepted explanation involves the effect of peroxide on your enamel and dentin. Peroxide, which is commonly used in teeth whitening products, not only removes stains but also causes a slight demineralization of your teeth. This process makes your teeth more porous, which can expose tiny channels called dentinal tubules within your teeth.
These dentinal tubules run from the surface of the tooth down to its center, where they connect to the nerves. They are responsible for transmitting sensations to your teeth. When these tubules are exposed due to the demineralization from whitening, they become more sensitive and can cause discomfort or pain.
Fortunately, this sensitivity is usually temporary. As soon as you stop using the whitening product and your teeth begin to remineralize, the dentinal tubules start to close up again. This process helps to reduce and eventually stop the sensitivity caused by teeth whitening.
The Science Behind Teeth Sensitivity
To understand why teeth become sensitive after whitening, we need to explore the structure of the teeth and the effects of whitening agents on this structure.
1. Tooth Structure and Sensitivity
Teeth are composed of three main layers:
Enamel: The outermost layer, which is hard and protects the inner layers of the tooth.
Dentin: The layer beneath the enamel, which is softer and contains tiny tubules that lead to the nerve endings.
Pulp: The innermost layer containing the nerves and blood vessels.
Teeth sensitivity is often associated with the exposure of dentin, which can occur due to the demineralization or thinning of enamel. Sensitivity occurs when stimuli, such as hot, cold, or sweet foods, affect the nerves in the dentin through these tubules.
SEE ALSO: How to Get Yellow Stains Out Between Teeth
2. Whitening Agents and Enamel
Whitening agents like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide work by penetrating the enamel and breaking down the pigments within the tooth. This process involves:
Oxidation: The whitening agents release oxygen molecules that react with the pigments, breaking them down into smaller, less noticeable particles.
Dehydration: The whitening process can cause temporary dehydration of the enamel, which can lead to increased permeability and sensitivity.
3. Mechanisms of Sensitivity
The increased sensitivity experienced after whitening can be attributed to several factors:
Enamel Dehydration: Whitening agents can temporarily dehydrate the enamel, reducing its ability to protect the underlying dentin. This dehydration can lead to increased sensitivity to temperature changes and certain foods.
Microstructural Changes: The whitening process may cause microstructural changes in the enamel, making it more porous and less effective in shielding the dentin.
Chemical Irritation: The acidic nature of some whitening agents can cause irritation to the sensitive nerve endings in the dentin, leading to discomfort.
Risk Factors for Increased Sensitivity
Certain factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing sensitivity after a whitening treatment:
Existing Dental Conditions: Individuals with pre-existing dental issues, such as enamel erosion, gum recession, or cavities, may be more prone to sensitivity.
Whitening Product Concentration: Higher concentrations of whitening agents used in professional treatments can increase the risk of sensitivity.
Frequency of Use: Overuse of whitening products, especially those with high concentrations of peroxide, can exacerbate sensitivity.
Managing And Mitigating Sensitivity
If you experience sensitivity after whitening, there are several strategies you can employ to manage and reduce discomfort:
1. Use Desensitizing Toothpaste
Desensitizing toothpaste contains compounds such as potassium nitrate or strontium chloride that help to block the nerve pathways in the dentin, reducing sensitivity. Using this type of toothpaste regularly can help alleviate discomfort.
2. Follow Post-Treatment Care Instructions
After whitening, it’s essential to follow your dentist’s post-treatment care instructions. This may include avoiding hot or cold foods and beverages for a period of time to minimize sensitivity.
3. Avoid Overuse of Whitening Products
Adhering to the recommended usage guidelines for whitening products can help prevent excessive sensitivity. Avoid using whitening products more frequently than advised by the manufacturer or your dentist.
4. Use Fluoride Treatments
Fluoride treatments can help strengthen the enamel and reduce sensitivity. Your dentist may recommend fluoride gels or varnishes to protect your teeth and minimize discomfort.
5. Consider Alternative Whitening Methods
If you experience severe sensitivity, you might explore alternative whitening methods that are less likely to cause discomfort. For example, some people find that whitening strips or custom trays with lower concentrations of peroxide cause less sensitivity than in-office treatments.
Conclusion
Teeth whitening can offer remarkable results in terms of brightening your smile, but it’s important to be aware of the potential for increased sensitivity. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and risk factors can help you manage and mitigate discomfort effectively. By following proper care guidelines and consulting with your dentist, you can achieve a whiter smile while minimizing the impact of sensitivity.
With careful management and professional guidance, you can enjoy the benefits of whitening treatments and maintain a comfortable, radiant smile.