Dental crowns are a common treatment used to restore teeth that are damaged or decayed. They are placed over a tooth to restore its shape, size, and function. However, sometimes, a cavity can develop underneath the crown, leading to potential complications. Understanding the causes and consequences of a cavity under a crown, as well as the necessary treatment options, can help you address this issue promptly and avoid further damage to your tooth.
What Is A Dental Crown?
A dental crown is a cap that covers a damaged or weakened tooth. It can be made from various materials, including porcelain, metal, or a combination of both. Crowns are typically used to restore teeth that have been severely decayed, cracked, or broken. They are also used for teeth that have undergone root canal therapy, providing additional protection to the tooth and restoring its function.
While crowns are designed to last many years, they are not immune to potential problems. One such issue is the development of a cavity beneath the crown, which can lead to further complications if not treated promptly.
What Causes A Cavity Under a Crown?
There are several reasons why a cavity might form under a dental crown. Some of the most common causes include:
1. Poorly Fitted Crown
A crown that does not fit properly can create small gaps between the tooth and the crown. These gaps provide space for food particles, bacteria, and plaque to accumulate. Over time, this can lead to the development of decay underneath the crown. A poorly fitted crown may also cause discomfort or irritation to the surrounding gums.
2. Dental Cement Breakdown
Crowns are typically secured to the tooth using dental cement. Over time, this cement can weaken or break down, especially if it was not properly applied or if it deteriorates due to wear and tear. If the cement breaks down, the crown may become loose, creating a gap where bacteria can infiltrate and cause decay.
3. Poor Oral Hygiene
Even with a crown in place, it is essential to maintain proper oral hygiene. If you fail to brush and floss regularly, bacteria and plaque can build up around the crown, especially along the edges. If these areas are not cleaned thoroughly, they can contribute to the development of cavities beneath the crown.
4. Age of the Crown
Crowns have a lifespan, typically ranging from 5 to 15 years, depending on the material used and how well it is maintained.
As the crown ages, it may wear down or become loose, leading to potential gaps where decay can develop. Additionally, the underlying tooth structure may begin to weaken, increasing the risk of cavities forming underneath the crown.
5. Tooth Damage or Decay Before Crown Placement
In some cases, the tooth may have significant decay or damage before the crown is placed. If the tooth was not fully treated or cleaned before the crown was placed, it is possible for a cavity to form underneath the crown even after the procedure.
This is especially true if the crown was placed over a tooth that already had structural weakness or extensive decay.
6. Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)
Bruxism, or teeth grinding, is a condition where a person unconsciously grinds or clenches their teeth, often during sleep.
This excessive pressure on the crown can cause it to loosen or crack, leading to potential gaps where bacteria can enter and cause a cavity to form underneath the crown.
How Do You Know If There Is a Cavity Under the Crown?
Detecting a cavity under a crown can be challenging because the crown itself often masks the symptoms of decay. However, there are several signs that may indicate a cavity is present underneath the crown:
1. Pain or Discomfort
One of the most common signs of a cavity under a crown is pain or discomfort, especially when chewing or biting. If you experience sharp pain or sensitivity, it may be a sign that decay has reached the nerve of the tooth or that the crown has become loose or damaged.
2. Loosening or Movement of the Crown
If you notice that the crown feels loose or moves when you touch it, this could indicate that there is a gap underneath where bacteria can enter. A loose crown may also cause irritation to the surrounding gums.
3. Bad Breath or Unpleasant Taste
Persistent bad breath or an unpleasant taste in your mouth, especially around the crown, can be a sign of bacterial infection or decay. This may occur when bacteria have infiltrated the area underneath the crown and started to produce waste byproducts.
4. Visible Damage to the Crown
Sometimes, a cavity under a crown can cause visible damage to the crown itself. If you notice cracks, chips, or discoloration on the crown, it could indicate that decay is affecting the tooth beneath it.
5. Gum Irritation or Swelling
In some cases, decay under the crown can cause irritation or inflammation of the gums around the crown. If you notice that the gums are swollen, red, or bleed when you brush, this could be a sign of infection or decay beneath the crown.
What Are The Consequences of A Cavity Under A Crown?
If left untreated, a cavity under a crown can lead to serious dental problems. Some of the potential consequences include:
1. Infection or Abscess
If the decay progresses to the pulp (nerve) of the tooth, it can cause an infection, leading to an abscess. An abscess is a pocket of pus that forms in response to infection and can cause severe pain, swelling, and fever. In some cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly.
2. Loss of the Tooth
If the cavity under the crown is not treated early, the decay can spread to the root of the tooth, causing it to become weak or even leading to tooth loss. In some cases, a root canal may be necessary to save the tooth, but if the damage is too extensive, extraction may be the only option.
3. Further Damage to the Crown
A cavity under the crown can cause the crown to loosen, crack, or break. If the crown is damaged, it may need to be replaced, which can be costly and time-consuming.
4. Increased Risk of Cavities in Nearby Teeth
If the cavity under the crown is left untreated, bacteria can spread to the surrounding teeth, increasing the risk of further cavities and oral health issues.
How Is A Cavity Under a Crown Treated?
If your dentist suspects or confirms that there is a cavity under your crown, the treatment process will depend on the extent of the decay. Possible treatment options include:
1. Replacing the Crown
If the decay is minor and has not affected the tooth significantly, your dentist may simply remove the existing crown, clean out the decay, and place a new crown. This will restore the tooth’s function and protect it from further damage.
2. Root Canal Therapy
If the decay has reached the nerve of the tooth, a root canal may be necessary. During a root canal, the dentist removes the infected tissue from the tooth, cleans the area, and seals it. Afterward, a new crown is placed over the tooth to protect it.
3. Tooth Extraction
In severe cases where the tooth is too damaged to be saved, extraction may be necessary. Once the tooth is removed, the dentist may recommend options such as dental implants or bridges to replace the missing tooth.
How to Prevent Cavities Under Crowns
To reduce the risk of developing a cavity under a crown, it is essential to practice good oral hygiene and follow your dentist’s instructions for care. Some preventative measures include:
Brushing your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
Flossing daily to remove plaque and food particles from around the crown.
Regular dental checkups to monitor the condition of your crowns and detect any issues early.
Avoiding hard foods that could damage your crown.
Wearing a mouthguard if you grind your teeth at night.
Conclusion
A cavity under a crown can lead to serious dental issues, but with proper care and attention, it can be treated effectively.
Regular checkups with your dentist and good oral hygiene are the best ways to prevent cavities from forming under your crowns. If you suspect that you have a cavity beneath your crown, it is essential to seek professional dental care promptly to prevent further damage and preserve your tooth’s health.
Related topics: